Became a city Sanaa Kaaba archaeologists, architects and tourists, trying to enjoy the characteristics architectural, and يتعمقون in the search for advantages and elements of art, and have focused on the countries of the world and cultural institutions world after appeal WTO Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (UNESCO), providing material aid and technical, and formed in Sanaa a panel of the Board of Trustees of the Council of Ministers, an executive and a technical office, and initiated the work of protection and preservation of the old city of Sanaa, and achieved so far clear achievements.
1 The Sanaa, which was almost unknown to the difficulty of penetrating the borders Yemen earlier, became more pronounced today, and the beauty of its architecture and technical characteristics become a global responsibility to protect.
Sanaa high above sea 2300 m, a mountainous city, so the buildings high up to the limits of a nine-story, which is different from the coastal cities of Yemen that do not rise more than two floors.
Old Sanaa is located on the western slope of a mountain, "we do", and the city was surrounded by a fence still clear effects, and some towers still fresh and conducts actively restored today.
The area of ​​Old Sana'a hundred and fifty hectares, and relate abroad by doors six, three in the south, a door Stran and Bab al-Yemen and the door Khuzaymah, and Baban Hmalian two door peoples and door Hqadif and door-west, is a door beads, and still these doors, Bab al-Yemen, who returned to build Ottomans in 1897.
Sanaa was divided into districts according to the tribal distribution, has described al-Razi in his book (Sanaa) these neighborhoods whose names are preserved mosques located today.
The city also described in the eleventh century AD and the number of mosques and homes and Semsradtha (hotels) and perhaps deep in the population, and some of the old landmarks still fresh of the most important of the Great Mosque, and the houses and the rest of the facilities they revert to later eras.
The city of Sanaa just like any other mountain cities of Yemen such as Shibam and Wadi Hadramout composed of fabric Amrani cohesive not separated only lanes and paths narrow, rising home to nearly thirty meters sometimes, they are buildings heights Kalabraj Babylonian, composed of five floors and up to nine floors in some buildings . The open interfaces of these buildings on the lanes and routes, or on orchards called "Almakecama" or switches, which are distributed around the old city, a lung problem and a pretty sight and a resource for the needs of the population of fruits and vegetables.
The high number of dwellings in the old Sana'a today seven thousand homes, and the oldest dwelling dates back to 400 years ago, and many of them back to 350 250 years and some recent back 50 years to 150.
The population of the Old Sana'a in 1989 forty-eight thousand, and they are increasing steadily. In Sanaa Forty-nine mosques, and seventeen in the bathroom Ksmiha east and west.
The Old Sanaa facilities are built of stone in the lower divisions, then of Alaageor "a baked clay tablets" in the upper sections, so as to reduce loads. It opens up to the outside by windows tasbil and broad windows, and make up their windows the room for four architectural ornament consisting of horizontal holes and finishes "belts" that separates between floors, vertical or decorations that surround the openings or adorn some of the walls. And derive formulas decorations from natural elements, especially of plants but stray very far from realistic simulations and approaching the symbol and abstraction.
The buildings Sanaa high and composed of floors multiple, make up the beta one, not houses independent, although the per floor benefits independent and door sector, called "door barrier" and used the ground floor as warehouses for grain and firewood, and Khzaúr of cattle and the repository of Alvha. In some corners room for mills and sheds called "mezzanine". In some houses above the first floor rooms, called "courts" if the owner of the house a judge or allocated to the descent of the guests and partners.
And called on the first floor, "the lower edge" is the author of the large chambers called "bureaucracy." The second floor special livelihood dedicated to women, eating and sleeping and family soirees, and the so-called "middle edge", is the author of the compartments distributed on the four parties to the construction called "Visions". The call by entities supervised by the, Adeni scene in the south, tribal and theorist in the north, and then view the eastern and the western landscape.
The upper floors, Fanfred men and especially chamber built at the top House and called one of them "freed", a rectangular room with large windows and low give way to see the orchards and beautiful sights, sitting chatters in Mufarj Ali sofas afternoon, Fadkhnon hookah, and chew khat, and listen to some playing music and singing, or chanting poetry and speak in history and literature.
And rise Mufarj level floor room low-rise surrounded by a walled expanse barrier and called "Altjawab". And you Mufarj over "pole" construction, which is the base of peace upward spiral to the top through all floors.
In every house wells feed the owners of the house with water needed for washing and cleaning.
And features Sanaa its markets, which lies to the west. Each craft or trade market, such as market beef and market fine linen and market love, and Silk Market, and market the ring and market raisins and market feed and market grapes and market crank, and silver market and market chaff and market reeds and market Alkuafa and market Alambsath and market Almkhiath and market salt and copper market. Currently, in the old Sana'a thousand seven hundred and thirty boutique brokerage. And the shop a small square room high level of public road.
And السمسرات (collection brokerage) are hotels for travelers and traders and their caravans, located on the outskirts of the market, are buildings covered contracts consisting of two floors or three on each floor a number of rooms that open to the courtyard brokerage occluded at the top, and the ground floor with a land yard dedicated to the convoys and goods and beasts, The upper floors are for the establishment of travelers.