Jewish @ Yemen

Islamic period Came in the historical sources that in the beginning of Islam given to Yemeni Jews freedom practice شرائعهم religion and he considered Islam Jewish dhimmis. Came in the Islamic hadiths in Sunan Bayhaqi major (19182) that he wrote to Maaz bin Jabal to Yemen to be treated Jews well treated and this commandment came from the Prophet of Islam: «No mesmerizing Jews for Judaism. Zaidi period  Zaidi imams began in Yemen when it came Yahya bin Al-Hussein of Medina in 893 AD to Yemen this Imamate remained until the Republican revolution in 1962 in Yemen. From the information we have scarce Clearly, the Jews of Yemen have maintained close relations with the Jewish rabbis in the center of Iraq who called them name "Jaún". Said Rabbi translated Fayoumi (882 - 942 AD) the Hebrew Bible into Arabic named «Book crown» at the beginning of the tenth century in Baghdad.And used by the Jews of Yemen with long interpreted as studied all the books in their tradition and religious lessons to this day. Jews were not a relationship in the Yemen Arab culture formal relationship, but deep relationship, has taken the Jews of Arab culture and the Arabic language tool for thinking and writing, and it was the most important theme occupies Jews is the relationship of religion to philosophy. A Rabbi Nthanil ben Fiume Yemeni year 541 AH (1147 AD), his philosophical 'orchard minds' in Arabic and in Hebrew letters. His goal was to be a co-existence between people in general and especially in Yemen between Islam and Judaism. International trade flourished between the Jews of Yemen and set sail from the port of Aden in the south to the Mediterranean and to India, and increased the richness of the Jewish community in Yemen and emerged of them senior Dealers, mentioned in documents in the library "Ganazh" Cairo. Coexistence traders Yemeni Jews during the century AD atheist century and until the thirteenth century with the Jews of India, Egypt, North Africa and exchanged trade, including import and export and the greater trade between them and the Jews of Yemen is an integral part of the Jewish world in this Muslim region widespread to the shores of the Atlantic Ocean and to India. In this period Yemen was under the rule of the Ayyubid who ruled Egypt, and was especially ethnic and religious ties with Rabbi Moses Maimonides and his son, Rabbi Abraham, both of the heads of the Jewish community in Egypt and close to the government. In 1172 AD sent Rabbi Moses Ben Maimon important verse his letter to Rabbi Jacob ben Nathaniel Ben Fiume, who was head of the Jewish community in Yemen. Re where Rabbi Moses to a query (or queries). Was caused by the big problem and the great danger that the Jews in Yemen at the time.The objective of Rabbi Moses Ben Maimon to prevent the Yemeni Jews of faith, a man who claimed to be the Messiah, He's a false claim to prophethood. The Ayyubid period (1172 - 1254 AD) is good for the Jews Yemenis, except for a short period when the debt forced goats Ismail (1196 - 1201 AD) to convert to Islam, but that is not because of his untimely death.  The transition of power in Yemen Ayyubid to the family of apostolic (1254 AD - 1454 AD) did not come to any radical change in the political and economic situation of the Jews. Despite the presence of sporadic details in the Islamic sources on some of the Jews who had converted to Islam, and there is a good prospect and in general that the Jews were living quietly and safely. And their relationship remained commercial and literary with the Jews of Egypt under the rule of the Mamluks close relationship. This is a period of Yemenis golden period in the trade and wealth and perhaps in all areas. Things have changed with the assumption of built Zahir judgment in 1454, when one Jew claimed that Christ and attracted many Jews and Muslims. After this false Christ killed at the hands of the government deprived the government to the Jews that live in the Hadramaut region. This was the first time that the Yemeni government banned Jews from settling in zone Adtrōhm to move to other areas of Yemen. And shortly thereafter, she returned Zaidi imams to control and seized control of the largest regions in the central plateau, where she lived large Jewish communities. When it came the Ottoman Turks who were expelled Zaidi to the north after the control of the central plateau, including Sana'a, Hassan Turks living conditions for the Jews. Who have suffered severely from the ongoing war between the Ottoman armies and Zaidi rebels. In the end triumphed Qasim bin Mohammed Command chief Qasmiyeh, descended from the new Zaydi imams, the Turks in 1636 AD. According to the author of the Jewish Salem Hbza who lived at the time know that the Jews of Yemen helped Imam Qasim against the Turks. He was the Imam Qasim "Imam nice", and then turned the Imam Qasim Yemenite Jews who suffered so much under his rule.  In 1667 claimed a man in Turkey as the Jewish Messiah named Shabtai boy and I think a lot of Jews in parts of Yemen that is the fact that the Messiah, as well as safe by many Jews all over the world.The reaction was Imam Ismail harsh as the abolished law that protects Jews and well-being to follow the laws of Islam or death.Years later, when he was on his deathbed instructed his successor Imam al-Mahdi Ahmad (1676 - 1681 AD) to apply this provision.Imam Mahdi Ahmed expelled Jews from Yemen and settled up in the city distributor, a small town in the west of the country, and lived very harsh living conditions unbearable. After about a year and a half ago, Jews were allowed to return to their towns and villages, and the Jews built their new homes in new neighborhoods outside the wall in the walled cities after the government seized their homes in the past. Circa 1720 AD Rabbi Salem transfer to Iraqi Jews of Yemen religious Shami method instead of the original Yemeni habits that continue to this day at the other. This rabbi served three imams and the collection of taxes and was responsible for the Mint House.Jews participated in a trade with the new British India. But that was only for a short period, due to jealousy of Muslims wealth growing Andalihod. He was rabbi of Iraq in 1762 in prison, and he was more than eighty years old, and has been the confiscation of wealth and property, and closed all the synagogues in Sanaa for a period of thirty years. Took Rabbi Yahya bin Saleh (1805 m), which rejection method Shami, things Jewish community in Sana'a and a thousand books studied many religious Jews of Yemen to this day.  Britain seized Aden in 1839 and ten years later the Ottoman Turks invaded Yemen. Turkish armies entered to Sana'a in 1872. This year, the Jews of Yemen began the exodus to the Holy Land. And saw the Jewish community in Yemen, a lot of unrest during the first half of the twentieth century. At the beginning of this century, Yemen was suffering severely from famine caused by three years of drought (1903 - 1905), and many Jews died of hunger. In the period in which the rebel army laid siege to the Yemeni Sanaa conditions were very harsh and quiet famine, where Jews capital have been about more than half (or, according to one estimate nearly ninety percent) died. This led to the emigration of Jews in the time of Imam Yahya when economic conditions deteriorated emigrated to the Holy Land or to the city of Aden, which was under British occupation, where the Jews lived in better conditions. At the beginning of the twentieth century in Sanaa, we find that some Jewish scholars headed Rabbi Yahya Alagafh, claimed that book Alsohr not of the ancient books of the Talmud. Established Rabbi Yahya Alagafh the school for the teaching of languages, especially classical Arabic, and a very high degree nature as well as religion. Students wanted to come back to the philosophy of Rabbi Moses Ben Maimon and the rest of the Arab philosophers and يتعمقوا.Enlarge this controversy and divided society Sanaa in 1910 into two parts and stayed until abandoned them to the Holy Land between 1949 and lasted until 1951. Remained on a small number of Jewish population in Yemen, particularly in Sana'a. Yemenite Jews transfer their traditions and their religious and social customs to the State of Israel and maintained where there are still some women develop the traditional headwear jewelry, antiques and Yemen. There are many synagogues, Jewish temples Yemeni throughout Israel, while most of the Yemenite Jews and their children left Yemen habits and merged in the community in which they live.